Semen Collection for In-Vitro Fertilisation
Infertility is a common problem affecting about 1 in 7 couples in Singapore. Fortunately,
various treatments, including in vitro fertilisation (IVF), offer hope to those struggling to
conceive.
IVF involves fertilising eggs with sperm in a laboratory setting and then transferring the
resulting embryos into the uterus. A crucial step in this process is semen collection, which
requires meticulous preparation to ensure the sperm's viability and maximise the chances of
successful fertilisation.
How to Prepare for Semen Collection
Semen collection involves obtaining a semen sample from the man. Proper preparation will enhance the quality and quantity of the sperm, increasing the chances of successful conception.
Before undergoing semen collection, it is often necessary to first assess the man’s reproductive health. This may include:
- Semen Analysis: This is the primary test to assess sperm quality, examining factors such as sperm count, volume, motility, and morphology.
- Hormone Testing: Certain hormonal imbalances can affect sperm production. Blood tests may be necessary to evaluate hormone levels.
- Infectious Disease Screening: Certain sexually transmitted infections can impact sperm health. Screening for these infections is often recommended.
- Medical History and Physical Examination: These help identify factors affecting fertility, including past illnesses, sexual history, medication use, lifestyle habits, and general health.
Prior to semen collection, ensure to discuss any medications you are taking with your healthcare
provider, as some may affect sperm quality. Your doctor may recommend temporary medication
adjustments to ensure optimal sperm health.
How to Get the Best Semen Sample for IVF
Obtaining a high-quality semen sample is crucial for the success of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatments. Here are some guidelines:
- Abstain from Sexual Activity: Abstaining for 2-7 days before semen collection allows sperm to accumulate and mature, leading to a higher sperm count and better motility.
- Reduce Stress: Chronic stress can negatively affect sperm production and quality. Stress management techniques like meditation or exercise can help improve sperm health.
- Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: A balanced diet, regular exercise, proper hydration, and good sleep can help improve sperm health and quality.
- Limit Alcohol and Quit Smoking: Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking can damage sperm DNA, reduce sperm count, and impair sperm motility.
- Do Not Use Lubricants: Some lubricants can be harmful to sperm and may affect their motility. Speak to your doctor for product recommendations if lubrication is needed.
- Do Not Use Condoms: Some commercial condoms contain spermicides that can kill sperm and should not be used during collection.
Steps in Collecting a Semen Sample
Semen collection is typically performed in a private room at the clinic to ensure privacy and comfort. The most common and preferred method of collection is masturbation.
Minor procedures may also be used if the man has obstructive azoospermia, meaning sperm are produced but unable to reach the ejaculate due to a blockage. These procedures include:
- Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA): A needle is inserted into the testicle to extract sperm.
- Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE): A small piece of testicular tissue is surgically removed to extract sperm.
In cases where the husband is unable to produce sufficient or viable sperm, donor sperm may be used.
Timing, Analysis, and Fertilisation
Semen collection for IVF is typically done on the same day as the egg collection. However, it may also be collected ahead of time and be frozen through cryopreservation for later use.
Samples should be delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible after collection to maintain sperm viability. The medical team will then analyse the sperm within the semen, assessing factors such as:
- Sperm Count: The total number of sperm in the ejaculate.
- Motility: The ability of sperm to move optimally.
- Morphology: The shape and structure of sperm.
The healthiest sperm are selected for in-vitro fertilisation (IVF). If the sperm is not optimal enough for IVF, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be considered. This involves injecting a single, selected sperm directly into the egg to increase the chances of fertilisation.
